# Netlink 使用简单教程

Netlink Socket是用以实现**用户进程**与**内核进程**通信的一种特殊的进程间通信(IPC) ，也是网络应用程序与内核通信的最常用的接口。

Netlink 分为用户态与核心态两部分。

本篇笔记包含最基本的操作，内核态只使用单播

## 用户态

### 用户态数据结构

#### sockaddr_nl

地址，实现中会使用 user process 的地址与 kernel process 的地址

```c
// #include <linux/netlink.h>
struct sockaddr_nl {
     __kernel_sa_family_t    nl_family;  /* AF_NETLINK, 表明是Netlink socket*/
     unsigned short  nl_pad;     /* zero */
     __u32       nl_pid;     /* port id */
     __u32       nl_groups;  /* multicast groups mask */
};
```

#### nlmsghd

netlink 的消息头

```c
// #include <linux/netlink.h>
struct nlmsghdr {
    __u32        nlmsg_len;    /* Length of message including header */
    __u16        nlmsg_type;    /* Message content */
    __u16        nlmsg_flags;    /* Additional flags */
    __u32        nlmsg_seq;    /* Sequence number */
    __u32        nlmsg_pid;    /* Sending process port ID */
};
```

在实现过程中，nlmsghd 作为消息头，随后紧跟的一片内存空间是 payload。

* nlmsg_type : 消息状态，可选项：

```c
// linux/netlink.h

#define NLMSG_NOOP		0x1	/* Nothing.		*/
#define NLMSG_ERROR		0x2	/* Error		*/
#define NLMSG_DONE		0x3	/* End of a dump	*/
#define NLMSG_OVERRUN		0x4	/* Data lost		*/

#define NLMSG_MIN_TYPE		0x10	/* < 0x10: reserved control messages */
```

* nlmsg_flags : 消息标志，可选项：

```c
// linux/netlink.h

/* Flags values */

#define NLM_F_REQUEST		0x01	/* It is request message. 	*/
#define NLM_F_MULTI		0x02	/* Multipart message, terminated by NLMSG_DONE */
#define NLM_F_ACK		0x04	/* Reply with ack, with zero or error code */
#define NLM_F_ECHO		0x08	/* Echo this request 		*/
#define NLM_F_DUMP_INTR		0x10	/* Dump was inconsistent due to sequence change */
#define NLM_F_DUMP_FILTERED	0x20	/* Dump was filtered as requested */

/* Modifiers to GET request */
#define NLM_F_ROOT	0x100	/* specify tree	root	*/
#define NLM_F_MATCH	0x200	/* return all matching	*/
#define NLM_F_ATOMIC	0x400	/* atomic GET		*/
#define NLM_F_DUMP	(NLM_F_ROOT|NLM_F_MATCH)

/* Modifiers to NEW request */
#define NLM_F_REPLACE	0x100	/* Override existing		*/
#define NLM_F_EXCL	0x200	/* Do not touch, if it exists	*/
#define NLM_F_CREATE	0x400	/* Create, if it does not exist	*/
#define NLM_F_APPEND	0x800	/* Add to end of list		*/

/* Modifiers to DELETE request */
#define NLM_F_NONREC	0x100	/* Do not delete recursively	*/

/* Flags for ACK message */
#define NLM_F_CAPPED	0x100	/* request was capped */
#define NLM_F_ACK_TLVS	0x200	/* extended ACK TVLs were included */
```

### 用户态函数

参见例程，这里记录函数原型定义头文件

```c
// sys/socket.h
// socket 创建函数
int socket (int __domain, int __type, int __protocol);
// bind 
int bind (int __fd, __CONST_SOCKADDR_ARG __addr, socklen_t __len);
// 发送数据
ssize_t sendto (int __fd, const void *__buf, size_t __n,
		       int __flags, __CONST_SOCKADDR_ARG __addr,
		       socklen_t __addr_len);
// 接收数据
ssize_t recvfrom (int __fd, void *__restrict __buf, size_t __n,
			 int __flags, __SOCKADDR_ARG __addr,
			 socklen_t *__restrict __addr_len);

// unistd.h
// 关闭socket
int close (int __fd);
```

一些宏

```c
NLMSG_SPACE(payload_size) // 计算发送 payload_size 所需要分配的空间大小
    // 空间大小包括 nlmsghd + payload
    // 空间大小是经过字节对齐的最小值，
NLMSG_DATA(nlh_ptr)	// 计算nlmsghdr指针对应的payload的开始指针
    
// 还有一些宏位于 linux/netlink.h
```

## 核心态

核心态需要使用 linux 内核编程，基础的内核编程内容不在本篇笔记范围内。

核心态使用与用户态相同的 `nlmsghdr` 结构体

### 核心态结构体

#### netlink_kernel_cfg

内核 netlink socket 配置参数结构体

```c
/* optional Netlink kernel configuration parameters */
struct netlink_kernel_cfg {
    unsigned int    groups;  
    unsigned int    flags;  
    void        (*input)(struct sk_buff *skb); // 收到信息后的回调函数 
    struct mutex    *cb_mutex; 
    void        (*bind)(int group); 
    bool        (*compare)(struct net *net, struct sock *sk);
};
```

### netlink 协议类型

linux 有一些默认的 netlink 协议类型，相同协议类型的 socket 才能在用户态与核心态之间通信。

用户可以在未被使用的协议号中选择，最大值为32

```c
// linux/netlink.h

#define NETLINK_ROUTE		0	/* Routing/device hook				*/
#define NETLINK_UNUSED		1	/* Unused number				*/
#define NETLINK_USERSOCK	2	/* Reserved for user mode socket protocols 	*/
#define NETLINK_FIREWALL	3	/* Unused number, formerly ip_queue		*/
#define NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG	4	/* socket monitoring				*/
#define NETLINK_NFLOG		5	/* netfilter/iptables ULOG */
#define NETLINK_XFRM		6	/* ipsec */
#define NETLINK_SELINUX		7	/* SELinux event notifications */
#define NETLINK_ISCSI		8	/* Open-iSCSI */
#define NETLINK_AUDIT		9	/* auditing */
#define NETLINK_FIB_LOOKUP	10	
#define NETLINK_CONNECTOR	11
#define NETLINK_NETFILTER	12	/* netfilter subsystem */
#define NETLINK_IP6_FW		13
#define NETLINK_DNRTMSG		14	/* DECnet routing messages */
#define NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT	15	/* Kernel messages to userspace */
#define NETLINK_GENERIC		16
/* leave room for NETLINK_DM (DM Events) */
#define NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT	18	/* SCSI Transports */
#define NETLINK_ECRYPTFS	19
#define NETLINK_RDMA		20
#define NETLINK_CRYPTO		21	/* Crypto layer */
#define NETLINK_SMC		22	/* SMC monitoring */

#define NETLINK_INET_DIAG	NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG

#define MAX_LINKS 32
```

### 核心态函数

```c
static inline struct sock *
netlink_kernel_create(struct net *net, int unit, struct netlink_kernel_cfg *cfg);
// net 网络命名空间，一般默认传入 &init_net
// unit netlink 协议类型
// cfg 存放配置参数，一般仅设置回调函数

/* 发送单播消息 */
extern int netlink_unicast(struct sock *ssk, struct sk_buff *skb, __u32 portid, int nonblock);
/*
 ssk: netlink socket 
 skb: skb buff 指针，可以通过skb获得nlmsghdr及后续的payload
 portid： 通信的端口号
 nonblock：表示该函数是否为非阻塞，如果为1，该函数将在没有接收缓存可利用时立即返回，而如果为0，该函数在没有接收缓存可利用定时睡眠
*/
```

## 实例

本实例是一个echo服务器

### 核心态

test_netlink.c

```c
#include <linux/module.h>

#include <net/sock.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("fg");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("netlink try");
MODULE_VERSION("0.0");

#define NETLINK_TEST 30
#define PAYLOAD_MAX_SIZE    1024

struct sock *netlink_socket = NULL;
pid_t pid = -1;     

struct test_nlmsg {
    struct nlmsghdr nlh;
    u8    msg_data[PAYLOAD_MAX_SIZE];
};


// 收到信息的回调函数
static void netlink_message_handle(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
    // get test_nlmsg
    struct test_nlmsg *msg = (struct test_nlmsg *) skb->data;
    // set user process process pid
    pid = msg->nlh.nlmsg_pid;
    // 收到信息的 nlmsghdr 位于 msg->nlh
    // 收到信息的 payload 位于 msg->msg_data
    
    printk("Netlink info get!\n");

    // 构建发送信息结构体
    struct sk_buff *skb_out = nlmsg_new(PAYLOAD_MAX_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);	// 使用该函数分配的内存空间会在 nlmsg_unicast 后自动释放
    struct nlmsghdr *nlh = nlmsg_put(skb_out, 0, 0, NLMSG_DONE, PAYLOAD_MAX_SIZE, 0);
    NETLINK_CB(skb_out).dst_group = 0;
    // fill echo data
    strcpy((char *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh), msg->msg_data);
	
    nlmsg_unicast(netlink_socket, skb_out, pid);
}


static int test_socket_create(void)
{
    // set message receive callback function
    struct netlink_kernel_cfg cfg = {
        .input = netlink_message_handle,
    };
	
    // 创建 netlink socket
    netlink_socket = (struct sock *)netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, NETLINK_TEST, &cfg);

    if(netlink_socket == NULL)
    {
        printk("Socket Create Failed!\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printk("Socket Create Succeed!\n");
    return 0;
}


static void test_socket_close(void)
{
    // release socket
    if (netlink_socket){
        netlink_kernel_release(netlink_socket);
        netlink_socket = NULL;
    }   
    printk("Socket Release Succeed!\n");

}

module_init(test_socket_create);
module_exit(test_socket_close);
```

### 用户态

test_user.c

```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#define NETLINK_TEST         30
#define PAYLOAD_MAX_SIZE    1024

struct test_nlmsg {
    struct nlmsghdr nlh;
    uint8_t    msg_data[PAYLOAD_MAX_SIZE];
};

int netlink_socket = -1;
struct sockaddr_nl  *user_addr = NULL;      // self address
struct sockaddr_nl  *kernel_addr = NULL;    // target address
struct test_nlmsg    *msg = NULL;            // message buffer

int main ()
{
    // Create netlink socket
    netlink_socket = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST);
    if (netlink_socket == -1)
    {
        perror("Socket create failed!\n");
        return -1;
    }
    
    // fill msg head info
    msg = (struct test_nlmsg *)malloc(sizeof(struct test_nlmsg));
    if(msg == NULL)
    {
        perror("msg malloc failed!\n");
        close (netlink_socket);
        return -1;
    }
    memset(msg, 0, sizeof(struct test_nlmsg));
    msg->nlh.nlmsg_len = sizeof(struct test_nlmsg);
    msg->nlh.nlmsg_pid = getpid();  // sender's pid
    msg->nlh.nlmsg_flags = 0;   // no special flag

    // fill sender's addr
    user_addr = (struct sockaddr_nl *)malloc(sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
    if(user_addr == NULL)
    {
        perror("user_addr malloc failed!\n");
        close (netlink_socket);
        free(msg);
        return -1;
    }
    memset(user_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
    user_addr->nl_family = AF_NETLINK;   // Netlink socket
    user_addr->nl_pid = getpid();        // user space process pid
    user_addr->nl_groups = 0;            // no multicast

    // fill receive's addr
    kernel_addr = (struct sockaddr_nl *)malloc(sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl *));
    if(kernel_addr == NULL)
    {
        perror("kernel_addr malloc failed!\n");
        close (netlink_socket);
        free(msg);
    	free(user_addr);
        return -1;
    }
    memset(kernel_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
    kernel_addr->nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    kernel_addr->nl_pid = 0;     // kernel process pid
    kernel_addr->nl_groups = 0;

    // bind socket
    int ret = bind(netlink_socket, (struct sockaddr *) user_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
    if (ret == -1)
    {
        perror("bind failed!\n");
        close (netlink_socket);
        free(msg);
    	free(user_addr);
	    free(kernel_addr);
        return -1;
    }
    
    // fill msg
    char *buf = "hello netlink!";
    memset(&(msg->msg_data), 0, PAYLOAD_MAX_SIZE);
    strcpy(msg->msg_data, buf);
    
    // send msg
    printf("Send message to kernel\n");
    ssize_t send_len = sendto(netlink_socket, msg, msg->nlh.nlmsg_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)kernel_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
    if(send_len == -1)
    {
        perror("send failed!\n");
        close (netlink_socket);
        free(msg);
    	free(user_addr);
	    free(kernel_addr);
        return -1;
    }
    
    ssize_t recv_len = -1;
    struct test_nlmsg recv_msg;
    // recv msg
    socklen_t kernel_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);
	recv_len = recvfrom(netlink_socket, &recv_msg, sizeof(struct test_nlmsg), 0, (struct sockaddr *)kernel_addr, &kernel_addrlen);
    if(recv_len == -1)
    {
        perror("recv failed!\n");
        free(msg);
    	free(user_addr);
	    free(kernel_addr);
        close (netlink_socket);
        return -1;
    }
    printf("Recv from kernel: %s\n", recv_msg.msg_data);
    
    // release
    close(netlink_socket);
    free(msg);
    free(user_addr);
    free(kernel_addr);
    
    return 0;
}
```

### 编译与运行

Makefile

```c
obj-m:=test_netlink.o

all:
	make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build/ M=$(PWD) modules
	gcc $(PWD)/test_user.c -o test_user.out
clean:
	$(RM) -rf .*.cmd *.mod.c *.o *.ko .tmp* *.mod *.symvers *.order *.out
```

编译指令

```
$ make
```

安装内核模块

```bash
sudo insmod ./test_netlink.ko
```

运行

```
$ ./test_user.out

Send message to kernel
Recv from kernel: hello netlink!
```

## 参考

[linux下netlink的使用简介 - 简书 (jianshu.com)](https://www.jianshu.com/p/6810f42b9f8f)

[Implementing a New Custom Netlink Family Protocol | Better Tomorrow with Computer Science (insujang.github.io)](https://insujang.github.io/2019-02-07/implementing-a-new-custom-netlink-family-protocol/)

Netlink 使用简单教程

如题，右边没有网络安全相关的频道 :no_mouth: 

有没有网络安全的用户

标识符

483DAB9E-B587-4DAE-936C-201F5BC4BCBA

备注

Error Domain=kCFStreamErrorDomainSSL Code=-9806"(null)" UserInfo=/NSLocalizedRecoverySuggestion=Errorcode definition can be found in Apple's SecureTransport.h}

请求信息

CONNECT m.m******(手动打码).pt:443 HTTP/1.1

请求头部

Host: m.m*******.ptConnection: keep-alive

发送请求头部

未发送

服务端开始响应

未响应

请求完成2024/04/26 10:11:40.529

 app无法登录，抓包数据。网页版可以登录，求分析求解

前些天一直在找便宜的云服务器，偶然间发现一免费的云平台，这里推荐给大家。

就是阿贝云，网站是https://www.abeiyun.com

说一下感受

1、阿贝云虽然是一小众的云平台，重在免费，该有的东西都有，还能免备案这是最舒服的。

2、使用了一天，上了项目，网速不慢。

3、唯一要指出来就是磁盘太小。

分享免费云服务器

拉取了rustbuster的v3.0.3版本文件, 二进制文件无法使用, 执行结果如下:

```bash
[root_cn@archlinux target]$ ./rustbuster-v3.0.3-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
./rustbuster-v3.0.3-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
```

拉取了main源码, 想自行尝试编译, 然后卡在了openssl, 以下为报错信息:

```rust
The following warnings were emitted during compilation:

warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47: build/expando.c:4:24: error: pasting "RUST_VERSION_OPENSSL_" and "(" does not give a valid preprocessing token
warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47:     4 | #define VERSION2(n, v) RUST_VERSION_##n##_##v
warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47:       |                        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47: build/expando.c:5:23: note: in expansion of macro ‘VERSION2’
warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47:     5 | #define VERSION(n, v) VERSION2(n, v)
warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47:       |                       ^~~~~~~~
warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47: build/expando.c:10:1: note: in expansion of macro ‘VERSION’
warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47:    10 | VERSION(OPENSSL, OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
warning: openssl-sys@0.9.47:       | ^~~~~~~

error: failed to run custom build command for `openssl-sys v0.9.47`

Caused by:
  process didn't exit successfully: `/mnt/d/work/file/rust/rustbuster/target/debug/build/openssl-sys-c5a482a9e0e49574/build-script-main` (exit status: 101)
  --- stdout
  cargo:rustc-cfg=const_fn
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_OPENSSL_LIB_DIR
  X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_OPENSSL_LIB_DIR unset
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=OPENSSL_LIB_DIR
  OPENSSL_LIB_DIR unset
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR
  X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR unset
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR
  OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR unset
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_OPENSSL_DIR
  X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_OPENSSL_DIR unset
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=OPENSSL_DIR
  OPENSSL_DIR unset
  cargo:rustc-link-lib=ssl
  cargo:rustc-link-lib=crypto
  OPT_LEVEL = Some("0")
  TARGET = Some("x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu")
  HOST = Some("x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu")
  CC_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu = None
  CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu = None
  HOST_CC = None
  CC = None
  CFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu = None
  CFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu = None
  HOST_CFLAGS = None
  CFLAGS = None
  CRATE_CC_NO_DEFAULTS = None
  DEBUG = Some("true")
  CARGO_CFG_TARGET_FEATURE = Some("fxsr,sse,sse2")
  running: "cc" "-O0" "-ffunction-sections" "-fdata-sections" "-fPIC" "-g" "-fno-omit-frame-pointer" "-m64" "-Wall" "-Wextra" "-E" "build/expando.c"
  cargo:warning=build/expando.c:4:24: error: pasting "RUST_VERSION_OPENSSL_" and "(" does not give a valid preprocessing token
  cargo:warning=    4 | #define VERSION2(n, v) RUST_VERSION_##n##_##v
  cargo:warning=      |                        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
  cargo:warning=build/expando.c:5:23: note: in expansion of macro ‘VERSION2’
  cargo:warning=    5 | #define VERSION(n, v) VERSION2(n, v)
  cargo:warning=      |                       ^~~~~~~~
  cargo:warning=build/expando.c:10:1: note: in expansion of macro ‘VERSION’
  cargo:warning=   10 | VERSION(OPENSSL, OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
  cargo:warning=      | ^~~~~~~
  exit status: 1

  --- stderr
  thread 'main' panicked at /home/root_cn/.cargo/registry/src/mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn-4f7dbcce21e258a2/openssl-sys-0.9.47/build/main.rs:126:13:

  Header expansion error:
  Error { kind: ToolExecError, message: "Command \"cc\" \"-O0\" \"-ffunction-sections\" \"-fdata-sections\" \"-fPIC\" \"-g\" \"-fno-omit-frame-pointer\" \"-m64\" \"-Wall\" \"-Wextra\" \"-E\" \"build/expando.c\" with args \"cc\" did not execute successfully (status code exit status: 1)." }

  Failed to find OpenSSL development headers.

  You can try fixing this setting the `OPENSSL_DIR` environment variable
  pointing to your OpenSSL installation or installing OpenSSL headers package
  specific to your distribution:

      # On Ubuntu
      sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
      # On Arch Linux
      sudo pacman -S openssl
      # On Fedora
      sudo dnf install openssl-devel

  See rust-openssl README for more information:

      https://github.com/sfackler/rust-openssl#linux

  note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
warning: build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...
```

经过检查openssl与rust均为最新版本, 

```bash
[root_cn@archlinux target]$ sudo pacman -S rust
[sudo] password for root_cn:
warning: rust-1:1.77.2-1 is up to date -- reinstalling
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Package (1)  Old Version  New Version  Net Change

extra/rust   1:1.77.2-1   1:1.77.2-1     0.00 MiB

Total Installed Size:  249.41 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:        0.00 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] n
[root_cn@archlinux target]$ sudo pacman -S openssl
warning: openssl-3.2.1-1 is up to date -- reinstalling
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Package (1)   Old Version  New Version  Net Change

core/openssl  3.2.1-1      3.2.1-1        0.00 MiB

Total Installed Size:  11.45 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:       0.00 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] n
```

在网上找了一下, 查到资料, 在[rust-openssl的issues](https://github.com/sfackler/rust-openssl/issues/1227)中提到类似报错, 得到解释如下:

> If you are cross compiling to MUSL, you either need to point openssl-sys to the location that you have a copy of OpenSSL cross compiled to MUSL, or tell it to build a copy of OpenSSL itself with the vendored feature.
>
>	如果你是交叉编译到MUSL，你需要将openssl-sys指向你有一个交叉编译到MUSL的OpenSSL副本的位置，或者告诉它用vendored特性构建一个OpenSSL本身的副本。

由于不会rust, 依靠关键词"交叉编译"+"cargo"搜索到了[cargo交叉编译rust程序](https://blog.csdn.net/tyc880616/article/details/104371502), 顺着找到文件:

```
[root_cn@archlinux .cargo]$ cat ~/.cargo/config
[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'sjtu' # 指定使用下面哪个源，修改为source.后面的内容即可

# 中国科学技术大学
[source.ustc]
registry = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"

# 上海交通大学
[source.sjtu]
registry = "https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index/"

# 清华大学
[source.tuna]
registry = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index.git"

# rustcc社区
[source.rustcc]
registry = "https://code.aliyun.com/rustcc/crates.io-index.git"
```

没有找到交叉编译的设置, 由于本人不会rust, 线索断了, 尝试向大家寻求一波帮助, 非常感谢阅读.



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![](https://image.hackertalk.net/images/62537abc-405f-44da-a67e-9f18082f3d74)















sqlmap -u "xxxxx.com/#/login" --all  --delay 1 --batch --random-agent

[CRITICAL]can't establish SSL connection.

![](https://image.hackertalk.net/images/4a856cac-750c-4972-aa1f-4bf02f000394)

sqlmap -r win.txt --dbs

**

[CRITICAL] anti-CSRF token 'XSRF-TOKEN' can't be found 


**


